Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic

Characteristics of common permanent magnetic materials (temperature dependence considered)

Information


Typical values for remanence, coercivity and the temperature coefficient of remanence are provided for the common permanent magnetic materials illustrated below.

Demagnetization characteristics of included permanent magnetic materials

Linear demagnetization curves are modelled. The characteristic, temperature-dependent "knee" of many permanent magnetic materials is not considered, since proper design of permanent magnetic circuits should avoid operation of permanent magnets "below" that point due to partial demagnetization. As a result, the temperature coefficient of coercivity is not considered. Only the temperature coefficient of remanence alpha_Br is accounted for, since it describes the dependende of the demagnetization curve on the temperature sufficiently for the region "above the knee-point".

Additional user-specific materials can be defined as needed.

Package Content

NameDescription
Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetBehaviour PermanentMagnetBehaviour Relative permeability and temperature-dependent coercivity of permanent magnetic materials
Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.NdFeB NdFeB NdFeB sintered; exemplary values
Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.Sm2Co17 Sm2Co17 Sm2Co17 sintered, exemplary values
Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.SmCo5 SmCo5 SmCo5 sintered, exemplary values
Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PlasticNdFeB PlasticNdFeB Plastic-bonded NdFeB, exemplary values
Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PlasticSmCo PlasticSmCo Plastic-bonded Sm-Co, exemplary values
Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.HardFerrite HardFerrite Hard ferrite sintered, exemplary values
Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PlasticHardFerrite PlasticHardFerrite Plastic-bonded hard ferrite, exemplary values
Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetData PermanentMagnetData Record for permanent magnetic material data


Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetBehaviour Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetBehaviour

Relative permeability and temperature-dependent coercivity of permanent magnetic materials

Information


Please refer to the description of the enclosing package HardMagnetic for a description of all elements of this package.

In the records defining the characteristics of a permanent magnetic materials, remanence B_rRef and coercivity H_cBRef are given for a reference temperature T_refCelsius, usually 20°C. Using the also defined temperature coefficient of remanence alpha_Br, remanence B_r and coercivity H_cB are calculated for a given operating temperature of the permanent magnet T_opCelsius. In addition, the relative permeability my_r is calculated. Have a look at Examples.ElectrodynamicActuator.MagneticCircuitModel for an exemplary use of this component.


Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
CelsiusTemperatureT_opCelsius20Operating temperature [degC]

Modelica definition

model PermanentMagnetBehaviour 
  "Relative permeability and temperature-dependent coercivity of permanent magnetic materials" 
  
  replaceable record material = 
    Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetData 
    "Characteristics of common permanent magnetic materials";
  
  material mat;
  
  parameter SI.CelsiusTemperature T_opCelsius = 20 "Operating temperature";
  
  final parameter SI.MagneticFluxDensity B_r = mat.B_rRef * (1 + mat.alpha_Br *(T_opCelsius - mat.T_refCelsius)) 
    "Remanence at operating temperature";
  final parameter SI.MagneticFieldStrength H_cB = mat.H_cBRef * (1 + mat.alpha_Br *(T_opCelsius - mat.T_refCelsius)) 
    "Coercivity at operating temperature";
  final parameter SI.RelativePermeability my_r = B_r/ (my_0 * H_cB) 
    "Relative permeability";
  
  
end PermanentMagnetBehaviour;

Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.NdFeB Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.NdFeB

NdFeB sintered; exemplary values

Information


Please refer to the description of the enclosing package HardMagnetic for a description of all permanent magnetic material characteristics of this package.


Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MagneticFieldStrengthH_cBRef900000Coercivity at reference temperature [A/m]
MagneticFluxDensityB_rRef1.2Remanence at reference temperature [T]
CelsiusTemperatureT_refCelsius20Reference temperature [degC]
TemperatureCoefficientalpha_Br-0.001Temperature coefficient of remanence [1/K]

Modelica definition

record NdFeB = 
  Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetData (
    H_cBRef=900000,
    B_rRef=1.2,
    T_refCelsius=20,
    alpha_Br=-0.001) "NdFeB sintered; exemplary values";

Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.Sm2Co17 Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.Sm2Co17

Sm2Co17 sintered, exemplary values

Information


Please refer to the description of the enclosing package HardMagnetic for a description of all permanent magnetic material characteristics of this package.


Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MagneticFieldStrengthH_cBRef750000Coercivity at reference temperature [A/m]
MagneticFluxDensityB_rRef1.02Remanence at reference temperature [T]
CelsiusTemperatureT_refCelsius20Reference temperature [degC]
TemperatureCoefficientalpha_Br-0.0003Temperature coefficient of remanence [1/K]

Modelica definition

record Sm2Co17 = 
  Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetData (
    H_cBRef=750000,
    B_rRef=1.02,
    T_refCelsius=20,
    alpha_Br=-0.0003) "Sm2Co17 sintered, exemplary values";

Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.SmCo5 Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.SmCo5

SmCo5 sintered, exemplary values

Information


Please refer to the description of the enclosing package HardMagnetic for a description of all permanent magnetic material characteristics of this package.


Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MagneticFieldStrengthH_cBRef720000Coercivity at reference temperature [A/m]
MagneticFluxDensityB_rRef0.95Remanence at reference temperature [T]
CelsiusTemperatureT_refCelsius20Reference temperature [degC]
TemperatureCoefficientalpha_Br-0.0004Temperature coefficient of remanence [1/K]

Modelica definition

record SmCo5 = 
  Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetData (
    H_cBRef=720000,
    B_rRef=0.95,
    T_refCelsius=20,
    alpha_Br=-0.0004) "SmCo5 sintered, exemplary values";

Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PlasticNdFeB Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PlasticNdFeB

Plastic-bonded NdFeB, exemplary values

Information


Please refer to the description of the enclosing package HardMagnetic for a description of all permanent magnetic material characteristics of this package.


Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MagneticFieldStrengthH_cBRef400000Coercivity at reference temperature [A/m]
MagneticFluxDensityB_rRef0.6Remanence at reference temperature [T]
CelsiusTemperatureT_refCelsius20Reference temperature [degC]
TemperatureCoefficientalpha_Br-0.001Temperature coefficient of remanence [1/K]

Modelica definition

record PlasticNdFeB = 
  Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetData (
    H_cBRef=400000,
    B_rRef=0.6,
    T_refCelsius=20,
    alpha_Br=-0.001) "Plastic-bonded NdFeB, exemplary values";

Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PlasticSmCo Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PlasticSmCo

Plastic-bonded Sm-Co, exemplary values

Information


Please refer to the description of the enclosing package HardMagnetic for a description of all permanent magnetic material characteristics of this package.


Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MagneticFieldStrengthH_cBRef385000Coercivity at reference temperature [A/m]
MagneticFluxDensityB_rRef0.57Remanence at reference temperature [T]
CelsiusTemperatureT_refCelsius20Reference temperature [degC]
TemperatureCoefficientalpha_Br-0.0004Temperature coefficient of remanence [1/K]

Modelica definition

record PlasticSmCo = 
  Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetData (
    H_cBRef=385000,
    B_rRef=0.57,
    T_refCelsius=20,
    alpha_Br=-0.0004) "Plastic-bonded Sm-Co, exemplary values";

Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.HardFerrite Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.HardFerrite

Hard ferrite sintered, exemplary values

Information


Please refer to the description of the enclosing package HardMagnetic for a description of all permanent magnetic material characteristics of this package.


Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MagneticFieldStrengthH_cBRef170000Coercivity at reference temperature [A/m]
MagneticFluxDensityB_rRef0.38Remanence at reference temperature [T]
CelsiusTemperatureT_refCelsius20Reference temperature [degC]
TemperatureCoefficientalpha_Br-0.002Temperature coefficient of remanence [1/K]

Modelica definition

record HardFerrite = 
  Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetData (
    H_cBRef=170000,
    B_rRef=0.38,
    T_refCelsius=20,
    alpha_Br=-0.002) "Hard ferrite sintered, exemplary values";

Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PlasticHardFerrite Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PlasticHardFerrite

Plastic-bonded hard ferrite, exemplary values

Information


Please refer to the description of the enclosing package HardMagnetic for a description of all permanent magnetic material characteristics of this package.


Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MagneticFieldStrengthH_cBRef130000Coercivity at reference temperature [A/m]
MagneticFluxDensityB_rRef0.21Remanence at reference temperature [T]
CelsiusTemperatureT_refCelsius20Reference temperature [degC]
TemperatureCoefficientalpha_Br-0.002Temperature coefficient of remanence [1/K]

Modelica definition

record PlasticHardFerrite = 
  Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetData (
    H_cBRef=130000,
    B_rRef=0.21,
    T_refCelsius=20,
    alpha_Br=-0.002) "Plastic-bonded hard ferrite, exemplary values";

Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetData Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetData

Record for permanent magnetic material data

Information


Please refer to the description of the enclosing package HardMagnetic for a description of all permanent magnetic material characteristics of this package.


Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MagneticFieldStrengthH_cBRef1Coercivity at reference temperature [A/m]
MagneticFluxDensityB_rRef1Remanence at reference temperature [T]
CelsiusTemperatureT_refCelsius20Reference temperature [degC]
TemperatureCoefficientalpha_Br0Temperature coefficient of remanence [1/K]

Modelica definition

record PermanentMagnetData 
  "Record for permanent magnetic material data" 
  extends Modelica.Icons.Record;
  
  parameter SI.MagneticFieldStrength H_cBRef = 1 
    "Coercivity at reference temperature";
  parameter SI.MagneticFluxDensity B_rRef = 1 
    "Remanence at reference temperature";
  parameter SI.CelsiusTemperature T_refCelsius = 20 "Reference temperature";
  parameter Utilities.TemperatureCoefficient alpha_Br = 0 
    "Temperature coefficient of remanence";
  
end PermanentMagnetData;

Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetBehaviour.material Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetBehaviour.material

Characteristics of common permanent magnetic materials

Parameters

TypeNameDefaultDescription
MagneticFieldStrengthH_cBRef1Coercivity at reference temperature [A/m]
MagneticFluxDensityB_rRef1Remanence at reference temperature [T]
CelsiusTemperatureT_refCelsius20Reference temperature [degC]
TemperatureCoefficientalpha_Br0Temperature coefficient of remanence [1/K]

Modelica definition

replaceable record material = 
  Modelica_Magnetic.Material.HardMagnetic.PermanentMagnetData 
  "Characteristics of common permanent magnetic materials";

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